This study examines how Canva is integrated into elementary Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) learning, how the integration shapes interactivity and visual understanding, and what barriers emerge in classroom implementation. A descriptive qualitative design was employed in Grade 5 at SDIT Ulul Albaab. Primary data were generated through semi-structured interviews with one IPAS teacher and two Grade 5C pupils who had direct experience with Canva-supported learning and an Interactive Flat Panel (IFP). Clean-verbatim transcripts were analysed through coding, category development, cross-source comparison, and thematic interpretation. The findings show that Canva was not used as a stand-alone medium; it was combined with teacher explanation, prompting questions, quizzes, discussion, problem-based learning, hands-on activities, a water-cycle diorama project, and assessment. Interactivity emerged mainly from the teacher’s orchestration of activities and feedback rather than from application features alone. Visual representations supported conceptual understanding, but the benefit was not uniform: some pupils still required repetition, slower pacing, and additional explanation. Implementation was supported by IFP availability, internet access, teacher experience, digital resources, and pupils’ technological familiarity, while barriers included preparation time, attention differences, presentation pace, display readability, slide control, classroom conditions, and network dependence. The study contributes an implementation-oriented perspective by positioning interactivity as a pedagogical practice and Canva as a selectively integrated component of multimodal learning rather than an automatically effective technology.
Category: Research Article
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Beyond Islamic FinTech: A Decentralized Waqf Finance Ecosystem for Green Venture Capital in Emerging Muslim Economies
Green entrepreneurship in emerging Muslim economies faces persistent financing constraints arising from high perceived investment risks, limited availability of patient capital, underdeveloped green-finance markets, and restricted access to early-stage venture financing. Although decentralized finance (DeFi) has introduced blockchain-enabled mechanisms for broadening financial participation and improving the efficiency of capital mobilization, its potential integration with Shar??ah-compliant Islamic social finance remains insufficiently explored. This study addresses this gap by proposing a DeFi–Waqf Green Venture Financing Ecosystem that positions digital waqf as a catalytic source of patient capital within a decentralized architecture for financing environmentally sustainable ventures. The study adopts a qualitative conceptual research design based on a systematic review and thematic synthesis of interdisciplinary literature on DeFi, blockchain technology, digital waqf, Islamic finance, sustainable finance, green entrepreneurship, and venture capital. The analytical framework draws upon Maq??id al-Shar??ah, Islamic social finance principles, and sustainable-finance perspectives to examine the institutional and technological conditions required for an ethically grounded decentralized financing ecosystem. The proposed framework integrates tokenized waqf assets, smart contracts, decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs), blockchain-based transparency mechanisms, and complementary Islamic financing instruments to facilitate the mobilization, governance, and allocation of capital to green ventures. Waqf is conceptualized not merely as a charitable endowment but as a potentially catalytic and perpetual source of mission-aligned capital capable of reducing financing barriers for early-stage sustainable enterprises. Tokenization may broaden participation in waqf-supported investment ecosystems, while smart contracts can support transparent contractual arrangements, automated administration, and accountable distribution mechanisms, subject to appropriate legal, regulatory, technological, and Shar??ah governance. The study extends existing Islamic FinTech scholarship by moving beyond applications focused primarily on payments, crowdfunding, and administrative digitalization toward the institutional integration of decentralized finance, Islamic social finance, and green venture capital. The resulting framework demonstrates how waqf can serve as an institutional bridge between philanthropic capital, private investment, technological innovation, and climate-oriented entrepreneurship in emerging Muslim economies. The study contributes theoretically by connecting Islamic social finance with decentralized financial architecture and sustainable venture financing, and practically by identifying governance and policy considerations for regulators, waqf institutions, Islamic financial institutions, technology providers, investors, and green entrepreneurs. It concludes that a carefully governed DeFi–Waqf ecosystem could provide a promising complementary mechanism for mobilizing patient, ethical, and sustainability-oriented capital while advancing the broader objectives of inclusive economic development, environmental stewardship, and the Maq??id al-Shar??ah.
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Maqasid al-Wahy and Waqf-Based Scientific Research Funding: Toward a Sustainable Framework for Knowledge Production and Human Development
Scientific research is central to knowledge advancement, innovation, human wellbeing, and civilizational development, yet many research systems face persistent challenges of inadequate and unsustainable funding, institutional capacity, and research autonomy. Historically, waqf supported educational institutions, libraries, healthcare, and scholarly activities, but its potential as a contemporary mechanism for sustainable scientific research remains insufficiently explored. This study examines the potential integration of Maq??id al-Wa?y and waqf-based funding as an institutional framework for sustainable scientific research and knowledge production. A qualitative conceptual and analytical approach was employed through a critical review of classical and contemporary Islamic scholarship on Maq??id al-Wa?y, waqf, Islamic philanthropy, and contemporary research and innovation systems. The findings indicate that waqf can serve as a sustainable and complementary source of research funding when supported by effective governance, professional management, transparent allocation mechanisms, and clearly defined developmental objectives. The study consequently proposes a Maq??id al-Wa?y–Waqf Research Funding Framework for supporting interdisciplinary research in areas such as artificial intelligence, health sciences, environmental sustainability, biotechnology, digital technologies, and education. The framework emphasizes collaboration among researchers, universities, research institutions, policymakers, philanthropists, religious organizations, industry, and communities. The study contributes conceptually by repositioning waqf from predominantly charitable expenditure toward long-term social investment in knowledge production and innovation, while providing a revelation-centred ethical orientation for research directed toward human wellbeing and sustainable development. As a conceptual study, the framework requires empirical validation through future institutional, comparative, and field-based research.
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Judicial Legal Reasoning in Granting Permission for Polygamy: A Case Study of Bukittinggi Religious Court Decision No. 575/Pdt.G/2024/PA.Bkt.”
This study aims to analyze the legal reasoning employed by judges in granting permission for polygamy in the Decision of the Bukittinggi Religious Court Number 575/Pdt.G/2024/PA.Bkt. The research focuses on the judges’ interpretation of the legal provisions governing polygamy, their considerations in assessing the first wife’s consent, the applicant’s financial capability, and personal character, as well as the forms of rechtsvinding (judicial law-finding) and legal reasoning applied in the decision-making process. This research adopts a qualitative approach using a case study design. Primary data were obtained through in-depth interviews with the judge who examined and decided the case, while secondary data were collected from the court decision, statutory regulations, the Compilation of Islamic Law (Kompilasi Hukum Islam), and relevant scholarly literature. Data were collected through interviews, document analysis, and library research, and analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, which consists of data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that the judges’ legal reasoning was not limited to the literal application of statutory provisions but involved systematic, teleological, and sociological interpretation by considering the facts established during the trial, the principles of justice, public benefit (maslahah), and the protection of wives and children. The first wife’s consent was not regarded as the sole basis for granting permission for polygamy but was evaluated alongside the applicant’s financial capacity, responsibility, and personal integrity. Financial capability was assessed contextually without applying a fixed income threshold, while the applicant’s character was evaluated through evidence concerning moral conduct, responsibility, and social behavior. The study concludes that the judges’ reasoning reflects the implementation of rechtsvinding by integrating legal certainty, justice, and expediency to produce decisions that prioritize family protection and substantive justice.
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A Public Perceptions of Childfree in Modern Marriage Institutions
The childfree phenomenon has become a growing social issue in modern society, including in Indonesia. The decision of married couples not to have children has generated various public responses because it is often considered contrary to cultural values, religious teachings, and the traditional purpose of marriage. On the other hand, modernization and changing social perspectives have led some groups to view childfree as an individual right in determining family life. This study aims to analyze public perceptions of the childfree phenomenon within modern marriage institutions, identify the factors influencing societal acceptance and rejection, and examine the shifts in social values related to family institutions. This research employed a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach. The study was conducted as field research using interviews, observations, and documentation as data collection techniques. The informants consisted of community members, married couples, religious leaders, and community leaders. The data were analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that public perceptions of childfree are divided into two groups: those who accept and those who reject the phenomenon. The accepting group views childfree as a personal right of couples in determining their household life, while the rejecting group considers it inconsistent with cultural and religious norms. Furthermore, cultural, religious, economic, educational, and social media factors significantly influence public perceptions of childfree. This study contributes to understanding the transformation of marriage values in modern society, where marriage is increasingly oriented toward emotional fulfillment and quality of life rather than solely reproduction.
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Islamic Moral Development of Students in the Era of Globalization: A Case Study at Nurul Chotib Islamic Boarding School, Academic Year 2025/2026
This study aims to analyze the process of students’ moral development at Nurul Chotib Islamic Boarding School, identify the internal and external challenges encountered in the moral development process, and examine the supporting and inhibiting factors influencing moral development in the era of globalization. This research employed a qualitative approach with a field research design. Data were collected through observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation involving the boarding school manager, administrators, female teachers (ustadzah), and students selected using purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, while data credibility was ensured through source and technique triangulation. The findings indicate that students’ moral development is implemented through religious habituation, exemplary behavior of caregivers and teachers, the enforcement of boarding school regulations, and continuous supervision of students’ daily behavior. The study also reveals that differences in students’ backgrounds, the influence of social media, digital technology, and peer interactions constitute significant challenges in the moral development process. Supporting factors include a religious environment, structured programs, and collaboration among boarding school personnel, whereas the main inhibiting factors are social media exposure, limited self-discipline, and peer influence. This study contributes to the development of Islamic education by providing a comprehensive understanding of students’ moral development in the context of globalization and offers practical recommendations for strengthening moral education in Islamic boarding schools.
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Instilling spiritual intelligence values through Duha prayer and Juzz Amma activities in grade 4 of Nurul Chotib Islamic Elementary School.
This study aims to analyze the process of instilling spiritual intelligence values through the implementation of Duha prayer and Juz Amma activities among fourth-grade students at Sekolah Dasar Islam Nurul Chotib. This research employed a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were collected through observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation involving the principal, an Islamic Religious Education teacher, and fourth-grade students selected using purposive sampling. The data were analyzed using the interactive model of Miles and Huberman, including data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, while data validity was ensured through source and technique triangulation. The findings indicate that spiritual intelligence values are developed through three main processes: habituation, teacher guidance, and exemplary behavior. The Duha prayer activity fosters discipline, responsibility, independence, obedience, and awareness of worship, whereas the Juz Amma activity develops students’ love for the Qur’an, patience, perseverance, commitment, and self-control. The implementation of these religious activities contributes to strengthening students’ spiritual awareness and religious character through continuous practice in the school environment. This study implies that structured religious habituation can serve as an effective strategy for strengthening spiritual character in Islamic elementary schools. The originality of this study lies in its specific focus on integrating Duha prayer and Juz Amma activities as complementary media for cultivating spiritual intelligence among fourth-grade students.
Keywords: spiritual intelligence, Duha prayer, Juz Amma, religious habituation, character education, Islamic elementary school
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Women’s Economic Empowerment through Islamic Social Finance: Integrating Waqf, Zakah, and Microfinance for Inclusive Development
Women economic empowerment has been at the heart of global discussions about development owing to the critical roles it plays in poverty alleviation, household welfare, inclusive economic development and growth. Nevertheless, an important proportion of women, especially in developing countries, still face poor access to financial services, productive assets and financial opportunities. Their entrepreneurship potentials continue to be untapped due to their poor access to capital. Limited financial resources and collateral requirements prevent poor women from accessing Conventional financing options. As part of the Islamic financial framework, zakah, waqf, sadaqa, and Islamic micro-financing are useful tools for social justice and promoting equal distribution of wealth. Hence this paper aims to present the Integrated Women Islamic Social Finance Empowerment Framework (IWISE) which is an effort to combine the elements of Islamic social finance with women empowerment entrepreneurship and capacity development into a single cohesive model. This study employs a qualitative research approach. The primary data collection consists of document analysis of Islamic classical legal texts, and reviews of current relevant literatures on Islamic social finance, women entrepreneurship, financial inclusion, micro financing and poverty alleviation. The study employs conceptual and analytical method to synthesis existing body of knowledge and put forward an integrate Islamic social finance for women’s economic development. Study shows that better integration of Zakah and Waqf Institutions, Islamic micro-financing institutions, governments and civil society could improve women access to finance, support the provision of business development, vocational skills, digital literacy, and other opportunities in the market place. Productive endowments (waqf) and zakat, could sustain entrepreneurial activities for women. This approach is expected to create synergistic and collaborative partnerships to advance women entrepreneurship, financially include women in the economy and sustainably enhance their livelihoods. This study adds to the existing body of literature on Islamic social finance through proposing a novel model of Integrated Women’s Islamic Social Finance Empowerment (IWISE) Frame work that strategically combine zakat, waqf and Islamic micro finance with capacity development and partnerships initiatives in the sphere of women entrepreneurship and economic development. This framework will provide a policy road map for policy makers, Islamic institutions and entrepreneurs for effective utilization of Islamic philanthropic and financial resources to ensure that Islamic social Finance become instruments of inclusive and sustainable human development through empowerments of women.
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Contextual Theology in the Pergi Tepat Tradition of the Panai Ethnic Community: The Relationship between Humans, Ancestors, and God in Pesisir Selatan Regency
Grave pilgrimage remains an integral part of community life in various regions of Indonesia. However, this practice often gives rise to differing perspectives, as it is understood as a form of cultural heritage, a religious practice, or even a tradition considered to be inconsistent with religious teachings. This study aims to describe the implementation of the Pergi Tepat tradition, analyze the relationship between humans, ancestors, and God, and examine it through the perspective of Stephen B. Bevans’ contextual theology among the Panai community in Silaut District, Pesisir Selatan Regency. This research employed a qualitative descriptive field research approach. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, and were analyzed using data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that Pergi Tepat is a hereditary grave pilgrimage tradition carried out through a series of customary rituals that embody respect for ancestors, social solidarity, and religious values. The study also found that the tradition constructs a triadic relationship among humans, ancestors, and God, in which ancestors are understood as symbolic mediators who remind the community of their history and identity, while God remains the ultimate focus of all prayers, hopes, and expressions of faith. Stephen B. Bevans’ contextual theology demonstrates that culture serves as the context in which faith is understood, experienced, and expressed through the lived experiences of the community. Therefore, the Pergi Tepat tradition represents an expression of contextual theology that integrates local culture, respect for ancestors, and devotion to God in the religious life of the Panai community.
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Strengthening Critical and Ethical Reasoning through the Socratic Dialogue Method Based on the Epistemology of Islamic Philosophy in Madrasah Aliyah, Agam Regency
Strengthening critical and ethical reasoning has become a strategic necessity in Madrasah Aliyah education amid increasing social complexity and information disruption. Learning practices at MAN 2 Agam, MAS MTI Ghobah, and MAS Mu’allimin Sawah Dangka remain predominantly characterized by normative and factual approaches, thereby limiting opportunities for reflective dialogue. This article examines the effectiveness of a reflective, dialogical, and participatory Islamic philosophy approach in enhancing students’ reasoning abilities. The study employs Participatory Action Research (PAR), encompassing the stages of problem identification, strategy design, implementation of dialogical problem-posing classrooms, and continuous reflection. The intervention was carried out through Islamic philosophy workshops, Socratic dialogue, and the integration of exploratory and evaluative questioning. Students’ participation in classroom discussions demonstrated more active and purposeful engagement, accompanied by an improved ability to construct rational arguments in a more systematic manner. The dialogical process was characterized not only by the exchange of ideas but also by the emergence of ethical considerations in every response expressed by the participants. Meanwhile, teachers’ instructional practices underwent a noticeable transformation, particularly in their questioning techniques, which shifted from one-way transmission toward analytical and reflective exploration. These findings indicate that the Islamic philosophy approach is capable of fostering a meaningful and functional integration of rationality and morality within madrasah learning.
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Strategies of Islamic Religious Education Teachers in Implementing Students’ Noble Character
This study aims to analyze the strategies employed by Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers in implementing students’ noble character (akhlak mulia), describe the implementation of affective learning in fostering students’ moral development, and identify the supporting and inhibiting factors encountered in the process at MTs Al Qodiri IV Jember. This research employed a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were collected through observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation involving the principal, Islamic Religious Education teachers, homeroom teachers, and students. The collected data were analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, consisting of data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing, while data validity was ensured through source and technique triangulation. The findings reveal that PAI teachers implement noble character education through exemplary behavior (uswah hasanah), religious habituation, advice (mau’idzah hasanah), and persuasive supervision. The implementation of affective learning reflects Thomas Lickona’s three dimensions of character education, namely moral knowing, moral feeling, and moral action, which are integrated into classroom instruction and religious school culture. Supporting factors include the pesantren-based environment, teachers’ commitment, and religious habituation programs, whereas inhibiting factors consist of digital media influence, peer pressure, and students’ diverse family backgrounds. This study contributes to the development of character education by presenting an adaptive strategy for integrating affective learning with Islamic values in a pesantren-based formal school, thereby enriching the discourse on Islamic character education in the digital era.
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Strategies of Islamic Religious Education Teachers in Implementing Students’ Noble Character
This study aims to analyze the strategies employed by Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers in implementing students’ noble character (akhlak mulia), describe the implementation of affective learning in fostering students’ moral development, and identify the supporting and inhibiting factors encountered in the process at MTs Al Qodiri IV Jember. This research employed a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were collected through observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation involving the principal, Islamic Religious Education teachers, homeroom teachers, and students. The collected data were analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, consisting of data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing, while data validity was ensured through source and technique triangulation. The findings reveal that PAI teachers implement noble character education through exemplary behavior (uswah hasanah), religious habituation, advice (mau’idzah hasanah), and persuasive supervision. The implementation of affective learning reflects Thomas Lickona’s three dimensions of character education, namely moral knowing, moral feeling, and moral action, which are integrated into classroom instruction and religious school culture. Supporting factors include the pesantren-based environment, teachers’ commitment, and religious habituation programs, whereas inhibiting factors consist of digital media influence, peer pressure, and students’ diverse family backgrounds. This study contributes to the development of character education by presenting an adaptive strategy for integrating affective learning with Islamic values in a pesantren-based formal school, thereby enriching the discourse on Islamic character education in the digital era.