Sustainable livelihood development is a major challenge facing many Muslim communities worldwide, particularly in developing countries where poverty and unemployment levels remain high. Microfinance is seen as one of the instruments used in poverty alleviation, but the method that involves lending money and earning profits (interest-based method) is facing criticisms based on Shara compliance issues. This paper proposes cash Waqf, an Islamic social finance instrument, to enhance the livelihoods options for vulnerable Muslims. As one form of Islamic endowment, cash Waqf is a flexible fund available for productive purposes and can be operated within the framework of Shara aims of wealth protection, social equity and reduction of poverty. Qualitative research is adopted in this study, focusing on doctrinal analysis of the literature on Islamic finance, along with empirical studies concerning Waqf and microfinance. This study analyzes the cases of cash Waqf in microfinance of Malaysia, Indonesia and Bangladesh in relation to operational modes, governance and the relevant Shara-compliant financing products such as qard asan, murabah and murbaah used within a Waqf-based financing mechanism. The study reveals that merging cash Waqf with microfinance could expand financial inclusion for the needy, and could strengthen the sustainability of micro-enterprises. Yet, certain operational challenges such as inadequate governance, absence of regulatory frameworks, and lack of transparency needs to be overcome. The study proposes a conceptual framework for integrating cash Waqf, Islamic microfinance and sustainable solutions, where the participation of stakeholders and provision of a supportive environment and capacity building activities are necessary. The study concludes that integrating cash Waqf and microfinance provides a sustainable approach for livelihood development of Muslim communities, offering a sustainable solution to overcome economic challenges and promote socio-solidarity for inclusive development. The paper advances the existing literature in Islamic social finance concerning the study of Waqf as a modern socio-economic development tool and provides some findings and recommendations to scale up Waqf-based microfinance to meet the SDGs particularly Poverty Reduction and Economic Growth.
Category: Research Article
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Maqasid Al-Shariah and Artificial Intelligence: Unaddressed Issues in Contemporary AI Ethics Studies
The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has intensified ethical debates within contemporary technology studies. Nevertheless, current AI ethics discourse remains predominantly shaped by Western philosophical paradigms such as utilitarianism, deontology, and virtue ethics, which often overlook moral, social, and spiritual dimensions central to non-Western societies, including Islamic ethical traditions. This study aims to map contemporary AI ethics scholarship, critically examine Islamic ethical responses to AI, and develop an evaluative framework grounded in Maqasid al-Shariah. Using a qualitative approach with a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) design, this research analyzes peer- reviewed publications from the last decade drawn from major academic databases. Data analysis is conducted through thematic analysis, comparative analysis, and conceptual synthesis. The findings reveal that Islamic AI ethics studies are still dominated by normative and declarative approaches, with limited operationalization of Maqasid al-Shariah as an evaluative tool, and a notable absence of integrative models connecting Islamic ethics with global AI ethics frameworks. This study contributes theoretically by positioning Maqasid al- Shar??ah as a holistic, value-based, and applicable ethical framework for assessing AI in relation to justice, public welfare, and the protection of human dignity within a global technological context.
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Eco-Green Catalys: An Intelligent Distribution Network for Generative Mycorrhizal Spores Through AI and Iot Optimization for Ecological Complexity Engineering in Post-Deforestation Lands Based on Restorative Bio-Economy Principles
The ecological crisis caused by illegal deforestation has resulted in severe soil degradation, biodiversity loss, and disruption of ecosystem balance. Eco-Green Catalys emerges as an adaptive biotechnological innovation integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) to accelerate the restoration of post-deforestation lands. This system operates through an intelligent distribution network of generative mycorrhizal spores, which precisely controls inoculation, moisture regulation, and nutrient delivery based on real-time soil data analysis. Supported by a Spatio-Temporal Deep Learning (STDL-AI) framework, the system demonstrates up to 96% accuracy in ecological monitoring, enhances vegetation recovery rates by 70%, and increases carbon sequestration capacity by 35% compared to conventional restoration methods. Beyond ecological rehabilitation, this innovation reinforces the principles of restorative bio-economy by utilizing renewable energy sources and community-based participation, aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 13) on climate action and long-term ecological resilience. Overall, Eco-Green Catalys provides a scalable and data-driven model that bridges environmental technology and socio-economic sustainability in restoring tropical ecosystems.
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Maqasid Al-Shariah and Artificial Intelligence: Unaddressed Issues in Contemporary AI Ethics Studies
The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has intensified ethical debates within contemporary technology studies. Nevertheless, current AI ethics discourse remains predominantly shaped by Western philosophical paradigms such as utilitarianism, deontology, and virtue ethics, which often overlook moral, social, and spiritual dimensions central to non-Western societies, including Islamic ethical traditions. This study aims to map contemporary AI ethics scholarship, critically examine Islamic ethical responses to AI, and develop an evaluative framework grounded in Maqasid al-Shariah. Using a qualitative approach with a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) design, this research analyzes peer- reviewed publications from the last decade drawn from major academic databases. Data analysis is conducted through thematic analysis, comparative analysis, and conceptual synthesis. The findings reveal that Islamic AI ethics studies are still dominated by normative and declarative approaches, with limited operationalization of Maqasid al-Shariah as an evaluative tool, and a notable absence of integrative models connecting Islamic ethics with global AI ethics frameworks. This study contributes theoretically by positioning Maqasid al- Shar??ah as a holistic, value-based, and applicable ethical framework for assessing AI in relation to justice, public welfare, and the protection of human dignity within a global technological context.
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Pros and Cons of the Phenomenon of Jamaah Majlis Sholawat Dancing: Islamic Ethical Perspectives From Abdurrahman Al-Baghdadi and Imam Ibnul Jauzi
This study examines the phenomenon of dancing in majelis shalawat through a literature-based inquiry using a descriptive–analytical approach (library research). The data were obtained from primary sources, namely the works of Abdurrahman al-Baghdadi and Imam Ibn al-Jawzi, as well as secondary sources such as scholarly journals, academic articles, and social media documentation. The analysis focuses on a comparative examination of the two scholars’ perspectives on the role of art in worship. The findings reveal a divergence of views between the two scholars. Imam Ibn al-Jawzi rejects excessive bodily movements in acts of worship, arguing that they may undermine khushu‘ (devotional concentration) and constitute a form of satanic deception. According to him, worship should be performed with tranquility and humility of heart, in accordance with the guidance of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). In contrast, Abdurrahman al-Baghdadi maintains that art, including expressive movements in shalawat, may serve as a means of da‘wah provided that it does not violate the boundaries of Islamic law. He argues that as long as such movements are conducted with proper decorum, do not give rise to moral impropriety, and do not distract from remembrance (dhikr), they may be deemed acceptable within spiritual and da‘wah contexts. From the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence, dancing within acts of worship carries different legal rulings depending on its context. When performed with propriety and while maintaining devotional concentration, it may be considered mubah (permissible). However, if it becomes excessive and transforms worship into mere entertainment, its ruling shifts to makruh (reprehensible) or even haram (prohibited). In conclusion, while art may function as a medium of da‘wah, the sanctity of worship must be carefully preserved. The more compelling position is the cautious approach emphasized by Imam Ibn al-Jawzi, whereas Abdurrahman al-Baghdadi’s perspective may be applied within the realm of art, provided that clear limitations grounded in Islamic values are observed.
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Pros and Cons of the Phenomenon of Jamaah Majlis Sholawat Dancing: Islamic Ethical Perspectives From Abdurrahman Al-Baghdadi and Imam Ibnul Jauzi
This study examines the phenomenon of dancing in majelis shalawat through a literature-based inquiry using a descriptive–analytical approach (library research). The data were obtained from primary sources, namely the works of Abdurrahman al-Baghdadi and Imam Ibn al-Jawzi, as well as secondary sources such as scholarly journals, academic articles, and social media documentation. The analysis focuses on a comparative examination of the two scholars’ perspectives on the role of art in worship. The findings reveal a divergence of views between the two scholars. Imam Ibn al-Jawzi rejects excessive bodily movements in acts of worship, arguing that they may undermine khushu‘ (devotional concentration) and constitute a form of satanic deception. According to him, worship should be performed with tranquility and humility of heart, in accordance with the guidance of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). In contrast, Abdurrahman al-Baghdadi maintains that art, including expressive movements in shalawat, may serve as a means of da‘wah provided that it does not violate the boundaries of Islamic law. He argues that as long as such movements are conducted with proper decorum, do not give rise to moral impropriety, and do not distract from remembrance (dhikr), they may be deemed acceptable within spiritual and da‘wah contexts. From the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence, dancing within acts of worship carries different legal rulings depending on its context. When performed with propriety and while maintaining devotional concentration, it may be considered mubah (permissible). However, if it becomes excessive and transforms worship into mere entertainment, its ruling shifts to makruh (reprehensible) or even haram (prohibited). In conclusion, while art may function as a medium of da‘wah, the sanctity of worship must be carefully preserved. The more compelling position is the cautious approach emphasized by Imam Ibn al-Jawzi, whereas Abdurrahman al-Baghdadi’s perspective may be applied within the realm of art, provided that clear limitations grounded in Islamic values are observed.
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Hypocrisy as a Moral and Social Crisis: A Hermeneutic Study of Q.S. At-Tawbah Verses 67–70 from the Perspective of Qur’anic Tadabbur
This study discusses the importance of Tadabbur Quran, a practice of deep reflection on the verses of the Quran, particularly focusing on verses from Surah At-Taubah, verses 67-70. The study emphasizes the significance of understanding and implementing the teachings of the Quran in everyday life. By employing a hermeneutic approach, this study explores the subtle meanings of these verses, highlighting the serious threats that Allah directs towards the hypocrites, such as being forgotten by Him, eternal punishment in Hell, and the futility of their actions. The study draws lessons for contemporary Muslims, urging them to recognize hypocritical behavior, avoid worldly temptations, learn from the mistakes of past civilizations, uphold religious obedience, and foster mutual support among believers. Tadabbur Quran and hermeneutical analysis are presented as crucial tools for understanding the profound wisdom of the Quran and confronting moral and spiritual challenges.
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Hypocrisy as a Moral and Social Crisis: A Hermeneutic Study of Q.S. At-Tawbah Verses 67–70 from the Perspective of Qur’anic Tadabbur
This study discusses the importance of Tadabbur Quran, a practice of deep reflection on the verses of the Quran, particularly focusing on verses from Surah At-Taubah, verses 67-70. The study emphasizes the significance of understanding and implementing the teachings of the Quran in everyday life. By employing a hermeneutic approach, this study explores the subtle meanings of these verses, highlighting the serious threats that Allah directs towards the hypocrites, such as being forgotten by Him, eternal punishment in Hell, and the futility of their actions. The study draws lessons for contemporary Muslims, urging them to recognize hypocritical behavior, avoid worldly temptations, learn from the mistakes of past civilizations, uphold religious obedience, and foster mutual support among believers. Tadabbur Quran and hermeneutical analysis are presented as crucial tools for understanding the profound wisdom of the Quran and confronting moral and spiritual challenges.
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Assessing the Integration of Islamic Social Finance Instruments (Zakat, Waqf, and Qard Hasan) in Supporting Sustainable Growth of Food and Textile MSMEs in Nigeria
This study evaluates how well Islamic social finance tools zakat, waqf, and qard ḥasan are incorporated into helping MSMEs in Nigeria’s food and textile industries thrive sustainably. Based on the Islamic goals of socio-economic justice and stewardship (khilāfah), the study looks at how these tools support inclusive financing, ecologically friendly practices, and business resilience. A mixed-methods approach was used, which included in-depth interviews with chosen business owners and managers in addition to a structured survey of 140 MSMEs. The results show that just 35% of MSMEs now use energy-efficient technology, but 48% of textile MSMEs and 65% of food MSMEs have implemented waste minimization measures. Nonetheless, a sizable percentage (72%) indicated a great desire to embrace eco-friendly technologies with the help of Islamic social finance methods. Furthermore, 80% of the MSMEs surveyed said they adhered to fair labor standards, which reflects the moral perspective promoted by Islamic finance principles. Positive socio-economic spillover effects were seen at the home level, where patronage of these MSMEs was linked to a 20% decrease in food waste and a 15% decrease in clothing expenditure. The study highlights the important yet untapped potential of qard ḥasan, waqf, and zakat in fostering sustainable MSME development. It promotes specific legislative interventions, such as frameworks for halal sustainability certification, structured waqf-based MSME support programs, and interest-free financing for green technologies. The study comes to the conclusion that successful integration of Islamic social finance tools can promote household welfare, MSME sustainability, and economic growth in Nigeria in accordance with the larger Islamic imperatives of social justice and environmental stewardship.
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From Maqasid al-Shariah to the Sustainable Development Goals: Repositioning Islamic Economics as a Framework for Inclusive and Sustainable Human Development
This paper examines the potential of the ‘Maqasid al-Shariah’ to serve as a moral and institutional framework that contributes towards meeting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This paper, aims to present the Islamic economic system as a comprehensive framework to promote inclusive growth, social justice and sustainable human well being and thus provides an Islamic integrative framework to tackle the global Sustainable development challenges. This research adopts qualitative approach of research, that mostly depends on literature review, which encompasses the study of classical sources of Islamic literature as well as current publications on Islamic Economics, Maqasid al-Shariah, international development policy, social finance. A conceptual and analytical technique would be used to build on current body of research, to conceptualize the bridge between the principles of Islamic Economics and a broader set of global sustainable development goals. The result shows that Islamic economics has a moral and institutional foundation towards sustainable development; greater than the current economic growth focused on development models. Several principles in Islamic economics like, justice (adl), public interest (maslahah), co-operation and assistance (takaful), trusteeship (khilafah) as well as moderation (wasatiyyah) are in close correlation with the aspirations of SDGs, and take the SDGs further with moral and spiritual context. Islamic social finance instruments like Zakah, Waqf and Sadaqah can also serve as significant tools to implement SDGs in the context of poverty eradication, financial inclusion, education and health services, as well as environmental health and resilience of the economy to tacle the future challenges. Based on the above discussion, the paper proposes a conceptual model titled, ‘Maqasid-SDG Integrated Development framework (MSIDF)’, that could be utilized as guidelines to align the Islamic economics institution to achieving a sustainable and decent human well being. The study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by changing the scope of the study from an examination of Islamic finance to the exploration of the potential of Islamic economics to provide a comprehensive ethical framework for a sustainable and inclusive development in the world.