In Islamic civilization, one of the most persistent systems for promoting social welfare and economic fairness is the idea of waqf, or Islamic endowment. Long before the emergence of contemporary state welfare systems, Waqf organizations provided funding for social infrastructure, healthcare, education, and water systems, establishing the groundwork for sustainable communal development. This paper explores how Waqf revitalization can provide a revolutionary paradigm for accomplishing 21st-century global sustainability objectives. The study places Waqf in the larger context of ethical finance, social innovation, and sustainable development by utilizing qualitative and comparative analysis. Through an examination of case studies from Malaysia, Indonesia, Turkey, and new projects in Nigeria, the study shows how productive Waqf can promote social resilience, environmental responsibility, and economic inclusion when it is in line with modern financial tools and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the UN. According to the research findings, Waqf offers a distinctive institutional and moral model for fusing spirituality with contemporary development paradigms because it is a faith-based and values-driven organization. The study comes to the conclusion that Waqf governance can become a worldwide tool of ethical finance and sustainable transformation by being revived and modernized through legal reform, digital transparency, and cross-sector collaboration. The study adds to the current body of knowledge on Islamic social finance and presents Waqf as a feasible route to a more just, inclusive, and sustainable future for all people.
Category: Research Article
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The Role of Waqf in Agricultural Development and Modernization in North-Eastern Nigeria
Most people in North-Eastern Nigeria still rely on agriculture as their main source of income, but the industry faces several obstacles, including low productivity, antiquated farming methods, restricted access to financing, and the effects of climate change and insecurity. The function of waqf, or Islamic endowment, as a long-term tool for advancing regional agricultural modernization and development is examined in this paper. The paper examines how waqf can be strategically repurposed and used to promote irrigation projects, mechanized farming, land acquisition, and smallholder farmers’ empowerment. It is grounded on Islamic economic principles and is backed by empirical case analysis. Qualitative interviews with waqf administrators, agricultural specialists, religious leaders, and farmers from a few states in the Northeast, such as Borno, Gombe, and Yobe, were used. Additionally, quantitative information from waqf foundations and agricultural institutions was examined. The results show that although waqf is currently underutilized in agriculture, there is a great deal of opportunity to mobilize cash waqf donations and idle waqf lands for farmer training, infrastructure development, and agricultural financing. Furthermore, incorporating waqf into current frameworks for rural development may improve rural livelihoods, employment, and food security. The study comes to the conclusion that mainstreaming waqf into the agricultural sector requires strong institutional reforms, legal frameworks, and public awareness. In order to maximize impact, it suggests modernizing waqf land administration, forming alliances between waqf boards and agricultural cooperatives, and creating waqf-based Agricultural Development Funds. This study adds to the body of knowledge on Islamic social finance and rural development by introducing waqf as a practical and moral means of transforming agriculture in areas impacted by conflict and experiencing economic hardship.
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The Role of Waqf in Agricultural Development and Modernization in North-Eastern Nigeria
Most people in North-Eastern Nigeria still rely on agriculture as their main source of income, but the industry faces several obstacles, including low productivity, antiquated farming methods, restricted access to financing, and the effects of climate change and insecurity. The function of waqf, or Islamic endowment, as a long-term tool for advancing regional agricultural modernization and development is examined in this paper. The paper examines how waqf can be strategically repurposed and used to promote irrigation projects, mechanized farming, land acquisition, and smallholder farmers’ empowerment. It is grounded on Islamic economic principles and is backed by empirical case analysis. Qualitative interviews with waqf administrators, agricultural specialists, religious leaders, and farmers from a few states in the Northeast, such as Borno, Gombe, and Yobe, were used. Additionally, quantitative information from waqf foundations and agricultural institutions was examined. The results show that although waqf is currently underutilized in agriculture, there is a great deal of opportunity to mobilize cash waqf donations and idle waqf lands for farmer training, infrastructure development, and agricultural financing. Furthermore, incorporating waqf into current frameworks for rural development may improve rural livelihoods, employment, and food security. The study comes to the conclusion that mainstreaming waqf into the agricultural sector requires strong institutional reforms, legal frameworks, and public awareness. In order to maximize impact, it suggests modernizing waqf land administration, forming alliances between waqf boards and agricultural cooperatives, and creating waqf-based Agricultural Development Funds. This study adds to the body of knowledge on Islamic social finance and rural development by introducing waqf as a practical and moral means of transforming agriculture in areas impacted by conflict and experiencing economic hardship.
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Community Medicine and Neuroscience Explaining the Biological Mechanisms of Art Interventions
» AL-IMAM: Journal on Islamic Studies, Civilization and Learning Societies
Background: Community medicine increasingly integrates interdisciplinary approaches to address complex determinants of health, including biological, psychological, and social factors. Art-based interventions (ABIs, such as music therapy, visual arts, narrative medicine, and performance) have shown promise in promoting community health, yet their underlying biological mechanisms remain underexplored. Objective: This study aims to examine the contribution of neuroscience in elucidating the mechanisms through which ABIs exert health benefits, thereby reinforcing their scientific legitimacy within the field of community medicine. Methods: A total of 10 peer-reviewed articles were selected based on relevance, methodological quality, and alignment with inclusion criteria. Thematic synthesis and content analysis were used to extract and categorize data on neurological, psychological, and immunological effects of ABIs. Results: The review identified consistent activation of key brain regions, such as the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex, and insula, during artistic engagement. These neural activities were linked to improvements in emotional regulation, cognitive flexibility, and empathy. Conclusion: Neuroscience provides a biologically grounded explanation for the efficacy of ABIs, validating their integration into community medicine. By influencing neural, endocrine, and immune pathways, ABIs contribute to psychosocial resilience, health promotion, and disease prevention. These findings support the strategic inclusion of arts in public health frameworks, particularly in underserved or culturally diverse communities.
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The Legacy of Waqf: Foundation and Its Continuities
Waqf (Islamic endowment) is one of the most profound socio-economic legacies of Islamic civilization. Rooted in the principle of voluntary asset dedication for public benefit, waqf has served as a cornerstone for institutional development in Muslim societies for over a millennium. The legacy is to describe how the foundational principles of waqf have been transmitted and adapted across different socio-legal contexts, producing parallel institutions that, while locally distinct, share their functional values. This paper explores waqf as a legacy, a foundational social institution embedded in Islamic thought and practice that continues to influence contemporary legal, economic, and governance structures. The study traces waqf’s historical evolution, its interrelationship with the Islamic concept of qard al-hasan (benevolent loan), and its intersection with land management, social justice, and state-building across different cultural and geographical contexts. Drawing from historical, legal, and institutional analysis, the article demonstrates how waqf inspired the emergence of similar mechanisms in global and Western societies, such as trusts and endowments. Furthermore, the article discusses the challenges facing waqf today, including asset fragmentation, governance issues, and underutilization. It also explores waqf’s potential as a strategic instrument for inclusive development, especially in education, healthcare, and social welfare. The research concludes that the waqf institution, when revitalized with modern governance tools and aligned with sustainability principles, offers a resilient and ethical model for long-term socio-economic empowerment and wealth redistribution.
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The Legacy of Waqf: Foundation and Its Continuities
Waqf (Islamic endowment) is one of the most profound socio-economic legacies of Islamic civilization. Rooted in the principle of voluntary asset dedication for public benefit, waqf has served as a cornerstone for institutional development in Muslim societies for over a millennium. The legacy is to describe how the foundational principles of waqf have been transmitted and adapted across different socio-legal contexts, producing parallel institutions that, while locally distinct, share their functional values. This paper explores waqf as a legacy, a foundational social institution embedded in Islamic thought and practice that continues to influence contemporary legal, economic, and governance structures. The study traces waqf’s historical evolution, its interrelationship with the Islamic concept of qard al-hasan (benevolent loan), and its intersection with land management, social justice, and state-building across different cultural and geographical contexts. Drawing from historical, legal, and institutional analysis, the article demonstrates how waqf inspired the emergence of similar mechanisms in global and Western societies, such as trusts and endowments. Furthermore, the article discusses the challenges facing waqf today, including asset fragmentation, governance issues, and underutilization. It also explores waqf’s potential as a strategic instrument for inclusive development, especially in education, healthcare, and social welfare. The research concludes that the waqf institution, when revitalized with modern governance tools and aligned with sustainability principles, offers a resilient and ethical model for long-term socio-economic empowerment and wealth redistribution.
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The Legacy of Waqf: Foundation and Its Continuities
Waqf (Islamic endowment) is one of the most profound socio-economic legacies of Islamic civilization. Rooted in the principle of voluntary asset dedication for public benefit, waqf has served as a cornerstone for institutional development in Muslim societies for over a millennium. The legacy is to describe how the foundational principles of waqf have been transmitted and adapted across different socio-legal contexts, producing parallel institutions that, while locally distinct, share their functional values. This paper explores waqf as a legacy, a foundational social institution embedded in Islamic thought and practice that continues to influence contemporary legal, economic, and governance structures. The study traces waqf’s historical evolution, its interrelationship with the Islamic concept of qard al-hasan (benevolent loan), and its intersection with land management, social justice, and state-building across different cultural and geographical contexts. Drawing from historical, legal, and institutional analysis, the article demonstrates how waqf inspired the emergence of similar mechanisms in global and Western societies, such as trusts and endowments. Furthermore, the article discusses the challenges facing waqf today, including asset fragmentation, governance issues, and underutilization. It also explores waqf’s potential as a strategic instrument for inclusive development, especially in education, healthcare, and social welfare. The research concludes that the waqf institution, when revitalized with modern governance tools and aligned with sustainability principles, offers a resilient and ethical model for long-term socio-economic empowerment and wealth redistribution.
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From Knowledge to Peace: The Role of Islamic Education in Cultivating Human Mindset for a Harmonious World
» AL-IMAM: Journal on Islamic Studies, Civilization and Learning Societies
The prevalence of different ideologies and conflicts worldwide underscores the importance of critically exploring the role of education in fostering peace and harmony. Islamic education, grounded in principles derived from Islamic teachings, is significant in cultivating values essential for nurturing a mindset conducive to peace. It is essential to recognise that Islamic education is inclusive, respectful, and values individuals regardless of their religion, ethnicity, or cultural background. Therefore, this paper aims to examine the role of Islamic education in fostering peace and harmony and develop a framework for peacebuilding from the perspective of Islamic education. The study employs a qualitative content analysis design by systematically reviewing relevant literature on Islamic education to investigate its role in promoting global peace and harmony. The findings indicate a comprehensive role of Islamic education, grounded in four main factors: knowledge acquisition, establishing principles of peace, teaching values of peace, and encouraging interfaith dialogue. In addition, the findings also show that rote learning (memorisation) and misconceptions of jihad are potential challenges to Islamic education. Therefore, institutions should incorporate comprehensive peace education into the curriculum, encompassing peace principles and values, Prophetic peace strategies, and other interdisciplinary studies such as conflict resolution skills and international relations. This study recommends that educational policymakers develop and support interfaith initiatives to foster dialogue, understanding, and cooperation between religious communities.
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Waqf as a Tool for Climate Change Mitigation in Northern Nigeria
» AL-IMAM: Journal on Islamic Studies, Civilization and Learning Societies
As the world grapples with the escalating impacts of climate change, innovative financing mechanisms to support mitigation efforts have become increasingly urgent. This study investigates the potential role of waqf an Islamic endowment system in addressing climate change challenges in Northern Nigeria, a region that faces a number of environmental and climate challenges particularly in terms of environmental degradation and climatic variability. The research utilizes a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative interviews with key stakeholders, including waqf administrators, community leaders, and environmental activists, alongside quantitative analysis of existing waqf funds and projects related to climate adaptation. Findings reveal that waqf funds can be effectively leveraged to support various climate change mitigation initiatives, such as afforestation, water conservation, and renewable energy projects. The study highlights several successful case studies where waqf-supported activities have enhanced local resilience and contributed to sustainable resource management. Furthermore, it identifies significant barriers to the implementation of environmentally focused waqf initiatives, including lack of awareness, inadequate regulatory frameworks, and limited community engagement. The paper proposes actionable recommendations to optimize the role of waqf in climate change mitigation, including enhancing legal structures to support environmental waqf, fostering collaboration between waqf institutions and environmental NGOs, and implementing educational campaigns to raise awareness about the importance of sustainable practices within waqf management. Ultimately, this study advocates for a paradigm shift in the perception of waqf from a purely charitable endeavor to a comprehensive instrument for sustainability and climate resilience, thereby contributing to the broader discourse on integrating indigenous financial mechanisms into global climate change strategies.
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Humanitarian and Beyond States Diplomacy: Society as an Emerging Global Actor
The evolution of global interaction in the 21st century reveals a widening gap between the complexity of contemporary crises and the capacity of traditional political diplomacy to address them. Geopolitical rivalries, institutional stagnation, and resource-extractive economic models have created a climate of diplomatic fatigue, where state-centered responses often fall short of delivering timely or humane solutions. Within this vacuum, civil society has emerged as a dynamic and influential actor capable of reshaping global engagement. Humanitarian organizations, volunteer networks, faith-based groups, and transnational advocacy coalitions now mobilize across borders to address urgent human needs, challenge injustices, and promote shared ethical norms. This paper conceptualizes “humanitarian and beyond-states diplomacy” as an alternative paradigm in which diplomatic influence is exercised not only through formal institutions but through societal initiative, moral persuasion, and collective action. It examines how civil society has moved from the periphery to the center of global affairs by negotiating humanitarian access, advocating for vulnerable populations, and generating new norms of solidarity and responsibility. Rather than operating within the limits of state sovereignty or economic interest, these actors draw legitimacy from empathy, global citizenship, and the moral urgency of human protection. The study argues that humanitarian diplomacy from below offers a transformative approach to international cooperation, one capable of renewing compassion, rebuilding trust, and addressing crises that have outpaced traditional diplomatic mechanisms. By analyzing this shift, the paper underscores the rising significance of society as an emerging global actor and highlights the potential of humanitarian engagement to redefine the future of diplomacy.
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Ahmad Dahlan and the Muhammadiyah Movement: Reform Ideas in a Cultural and Historical Context
» AL-IMAM: Journal on Islamic Studies, Civilization and Learning Societies
The paper aims to analyze the influence of Kiyai Haji Ahmad Dahlan (1868-1923) in inaugurating Islamic modernism in Indonesia by investigating his role and involvement in Muhammadiyah. The modern reform movement was inspired by profound moral and religious factors and its puritanical cause leading to the formation of Muhammadiyah in 18 November 1912. The objective of study is to reveal the underlying philosophy and framework that inspired the religious struggle of Muhammadiyah and the pioneering role of Ahmad Dahlan in organizing its modern ideal and social spirit. The study is based on qualitative framework in the form of literature survey that analyze technical and scientific data using empirical, descriptive and historical approaches. The finding shows that Ahmad Dahlan had bring decisive impact on Islamic modernism by bringing into perspective the tawhidic and puritanical aspect of Muhammadiyah that projected its modern and ethical tradition and consciousness. Its rising influence in modern context was driven by an extensive network of Muhammadiyah’s activist and missionaries that help to realize its dakwah aspiration that emphasized on moral and intellectual development and its meaningful and practical impact on society. It highlighted the social aspect that drive the cosmopolitan vision of Muhammadiyah and the strength of its organization, widely held as the largest and most organized and systematic Islamic movement in the world.